Recovery & Repair

Recombinant human growth hormone — the full 191-amino-acid pituitary peptide, FDA-approved for a short list of specific deficiency and wasting indications and the subject of an enormous off-label market for anti-aging, performance, and body-composition use that runs far ahead of the evidence.

A 165-amino-acid glycoprotein hormone produced by the kidney that drives red blood cell production. FDA-approved as recombinant human EPO and longer-acting analogs for anemia of chronic kidney disease, chemotherapy, and HIV — and infamous as an endurance-sports doping agent prohibited at all times by WADA.

A semi-synthetic polysaccharide with FDA approval for interstitial cystitis, also studied for joint and cartilage health.

An FDA-approved peripheral kappa opioid receptor agonist for chronic kidney disease-associated itch, without CNS side effects.

A modified C-type natriuretic peptide analog developed by BioMarin Pharmaceutical, FDA-approved as Voxzogo for children with achondroplasia. The first targeted pharmacological treatment for the most common form of genetic short stature.

A potent growth hormone secretagogue peptide that also has cardioprotective properties independent of GH release.

A selective growth hormone secretagogue that stimulates GH release without significantly affecting cortisol or prolactin.

A synthetic growth hormone secretagogue that stimulates natural GH release, studied for body composition, recovery, and anti-aging.

The original 'exercise in a pill' — an AMPK activator that increased running endurance by 44% in sedentary mice. Banned by WADA since 2009. Studied for metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardioprotection.

An 11-amino-acid peptide engineered from erythropoietin that retains tissue-protective effects without raising red blood cell count. Studied for neuropathic pain, small fiber neuropathy, and tissue repair.

A synthetic peptide derived from a protective protein found in gastric juice, widely discussed for tissue repair and recovery.

A synthetic version of the active region of thymosin beta-4, widely used for tissue repair, wound healing, and recovery from injuries.

A modified version of IGF-1 with extended half-life and reduced IGF binding protein affinity, used for muscle growth.

A naturally occurring protein that inhibits myostatin (the muscle growth limiter), studied for dramatic muscle growth potential.

A truncated form of IGF-1 missing the first 3 amino acids, with 10x greater potency and very short half-life for localized effects.

A splice variant of IGF-1 produced in response to mechanical stress on muscles, promoting satellite cell activation and muscle repair.

A naturally occurring heptapeptide from frog skin and one of the most potent mu-opioid receptor agonists known, approximately 40 times more potent than morphine.

A stabilized form of BPC-157 combined with arginine, offering enhanced stability and potentially improved oral bioavailability.

A PEGylated version of MGF with extended half-life for systemic muscle growth and recovery effects.

A synthetic tripeptide bioregulator (Ala-Glu-Asp) from the Khavinson system, studied for cartilage protection, joint health, and musculoskeletal aging.

A synthetic exercise mimetic that activates estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) to replicate the molecular effects of aerobic exercise — increasing endurance, fat oxidation, and mitochondrial function without physical activity.

An endogenous tetrapeptide cleaved from thymosin β4 with broad antifibrotic activity across the heart, kidney, lung, and liver — historically developed as the chemoprotective drug goralatide and more recently studied as a biomarker of ACE-inhibitor activity.

A 33-residue single-chain peptide derivative of human relaxin-2 designed by Mohammed Akhter Hossain's group at the Florey Institute as a functionally selective RXFP1 agonist with improved chemical stability and synthesis tractability over the two-chain native relaxin scaffold — replicates serelaxin's vasodilatory and antifibrotic effects in preclinical models.